Vertebrate food products as a potential source of prion-like α-synuclein

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Potential templating mechanism of α-synuclein from vertebrate meat products. a The pathogenic aggregation of α-synuclein may involve several steps. (I) The mechanism for pathogenic α-synuclein aggregation is unknown. However, several cellular factors such as transient interactions between the N-terminus and C-terminus (“Shielding”) or lipid binding may play a role in the initial aggregation; inhibitory or promoting. Also, interactions between non-amyloid component (NAC) domains is necessary and sufficient for aggregation (Colored red). (II) Once a self-propagating oligomer (depicted here as a protofibril) is formed it then elongates by the addition of α-synuclein monomers to the ends of fibril. (III) Mechanical fracturing of the fibril into smaller templates allows for further seeding. (IV) The seeding capacity during the templating step is highly dependent on factors such as homology between the template protein and the substrate protein. Homology of α-synuclein protein is high between human and several animals species humans eat. Phylogenic tree showing α-synuclein protein sequence homology between human (Homo Sapiens), pig (Sus Scrofa), cow (Bos Taurus), and chicken (Gallus Gallus). Reference bar 4% divergence in sequence homology. b Specific amino acid sequences for α-synuclein of all species compared. Red denotes variable positions adjacent to the NAC domain that greatly influence cross-species seeding. Blue denotes variable amino acid positions compared to human α-synuclein

Link
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41531-017-0035-z
Resumir
这篇文章综述了帕金森病的症状、治疗及其相关的神经病理学基础。首先，Vidailhet探讨了2010年帕金森病的症状和治疗方法，强调了早期诊断的重要性。Goldman和Postuma则关注于帕金森病的前驱和非运动特征，指出这些特征在疾病早期可能被忽视。Paulus和Jellinger研究了不同临床亚型的神经病理基础，揭示了帕金森病的复杂性。Gibb和Lees分析了黑质的解剖结构及其在帕金森病中的细胞死亡差异。Pankratz等人通过全基因组关联研究识别了与家族性帕金森病相关的易感基因。Stefanis讨论了α-突触核蛋白在帕金森病中的作用，强调其聚集与疾病进展的关系。Lavedan介绍了突触核蛋白家族的特性，而Uversky和Eliezer则探讨了α-突触核蛋白的生物物理特性及其聚集机制。这些研究为理解帕金森病的发病机制和潜在治疗策略提供了重要的科学依据。