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Prince Thurn and Taxis Court Library
Address. Emmeramsplatz 5 (Schloß), 93047 Regensburg [[Map\]](http://fabian.sub.uni-goettingen.de?action=gmap&address=Emmeramsplatz_5_93047_Regensburg)
Phone. (0941) 5048-132
Fax. (0941) 5048-256
Library seal. <76>
Maintenance carrier. Princely House of Thurn and Taxis
Function. Regional library.
Collecting areas. 1. General collecting areas: Historical literature, specifically regional. 2. Special collecting areas: Older European postal history, historical source works and foundational literature, historical auxiliary sciences, art history, topography and travel literature, arts and crafts, Ratisbonensia, history of the Upper Palatinate and Lower Bavaria, Taxiana, administrative literature, music history (court music of the 18th century).
Usage options. Lending library with on-site collection. - Opening hours: Reading room, lending, catalogs: Monday to Thursday 8-12 and 13-16.30, Friday 8-12. Lending services: DLV, international lending.
Technical facilities for the user. Microfilm and microfiche readers, copying machines for newer literature (handled by staff), photo workshop for 35mm film.
Notes for arriving users. Written or telephone registration desired. Provision of literature and archival materials possible upon registration. Close to the main train station (about 15 minutes on foot). Bus connections from the main train station (all lines in the Regensburg old town) to the stops Arnulfsplatz, Bismarckplatz, Kumpfmühler Straße, Neupfarrplatz, Maximilianstraße or Ernst-Reuter-Platz. Parking available at Emmeramsplatz as well as in the parking garages Bismarckplatz and Petersweg.
1. HISTORY OF THE INVENTORY
1.1 The foundation of today's Prince Thurn and Taxis Court Library consists of the book collections of the private library of Prince Alexander Ferdinand (1704-1773) in Regensburg. A catalog created in 1771 by the courtier Count Wallis lists about 1200 independent works with nearly 2330 volumes, almost exclusively French literature of the 17th and 18th centuries.
1.2 With the accession to the throne (1773) of Prince Carl Anselm (1733-1805), the court library became publicly accessible. Under the leadership of the Secret Councilor Baron Franz Ludwig von Berberich (until 1783), the library also received a fixed acquisition budget of 500 guilders annually. In the first years, the increase in holdings occurred alongside the acquisition of new publications through targeted purchases from the Greiz, Nettelblatt, Count Stolberg proclamations (1773), from the Ritter proclamation (1775), from the Gumppenberg (240 volumes), Moelk, Johann Georg von Ponickau (280 volumes), Count Preysing (736 volumes), Schulz and Skler auctions (1776), as well as from the Dillner (864 volumes of natural sciences) and Karg (220 volumes) proclamations (1777). In the latter year, outside the budget, the 4212-volume legal historical library of the Ingolstadt professor and Munich Academy member Johann Adam Freiherr von Ickstatt (1702-1776) was purchased for 6000 guilders.
1.3 In the early years until 1779, mainly the booksellers Fontaine in Mannheim, Artaria in Vienna, Eßlinger and Döbele in Frankfurt, Ebert in Strasbourg, and Metzler in Stuttgart supplied the new works. Due to the success of the German Theater at the Prince's Court, directed by Baron Franz Ludwig von Berberich himself, the "Theatralbibliothek" consisting of 205 volumes was acquired in the summer of 1779 from Baron Joseph Franz von Hartenfels. In 1782, the medical specialty library of the princely court physician Johann Albrecht Kipecke was purchased for 3200 guilders, containing approximately 900 volumes.
1.4 According to no longer verifiable information from the Regensburg bookbinder Königsberger, the High Princely Court Library, which had grown into a universal library, is said to have comprised about 46,000 volumes in total in 1782, including the dissertation collection of 21,311 pieces.
1.5 Upon the death of Baron von Berberich (1784), alongside the remaining librarian Wilhelm Rothammer from 1779 until the spring of 1786, the Dominican father and princely confessor Balthasar Kizinger († 1796) was entrusted with the overall supervision of the library. Under his successor as director of the court library, Alexander Baron von Westerholt (1763-1827), and the "Sous-Bibliothecaire" Albrecht Christoph Kayser (1756-1811), from 1786 the focus was placed on a targeted, but limited due to the economic difficulties of the revolutionary wars and the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, expansion of the collection. The aim was also a fundamental order and professional management of the existing book holdings. The previous book lending was replaced by the reference library.
1.6 According to the only description of the princely library in the 18th century in F. K. G. Hirsching's Attempt at a Description of Noteworthy Libraries in Germany (Erlangen 1788), the collections at that time were divided into several rooms into factually structured sections: the lexicographic section, the fiction section, the section of arts and crafts, language dictionaries and language teachings, philosophy, military art, natural history, literary history, theological section, history, and jurisprudence. The conclusion of the description is formed by the material collection of pamphlets (treatises, printed works, leaflets, newspapers) on the history of the Thirty Years' War acquired in 1788 by the heirs of the Halberstadt history professor Franz Dominik Häberlin (1720-1787), as well as a collection of over 1000 printed works from the era of the Seven Years' War, purchased from the library of the Prussian Reichstag envoy Baron Joachim Ludwig von Schwarzenau.
1.7 In 1788, Westerholt presented his library plan for the future catalog of the Princely Thurn and Taxis Library, which provided for a systematic structure of the library holdings into main groups with numerous subgroups: (I) Mathematics: A. Pure Mathematics, B. Applied Mathematics; (II) The four faculties: G. Theology, Ph. Philosophy, R. Jurisprudence, Me. Medicine; (III) Ge. History; (IV) St. Political Sciences; (V) SW. Philology; Fine Arts; (VI) KH. Arts and Crafts; (VII) Mi. Miscellanea. As a basis for the location catalog, the librarian Kayser wrote his work published in 1790 in Bayreuth titled On the Manipulation in the Establishment of a Library and the Preparation of Book Catalogs. The library plan and theoretical writing for the establishment determined the systematics and classification of the book holdings in the princely court library for over half a century.
1.8 After several unsuccessful attempts, the court library was able to receive one copy each from 89 political and scholarly newspapers, which were dispatched via the newspaper expedition offices of the Thurn and Taxis Imperial Post, starting in 1797.
1.9 Due to the acquisition of compensation goods in Upper Swabia and North Württemberg by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluß of 1803, the princely residence and administration, as well as the court library, were to be relocated to Buchau in November 1803. However, this was not carried out due to the impending end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. The highly princely main library, which was then housed in the princely chancellery building in Regensburg (Gesandtenstraße), was instead transferred in 1812 to the library rooms of the former imperial abbey of St. Emmeram, which had been secularized in 1810 and offered by the Kingdom of Bavaria to the princely house as the future main residence. The relocation of the library to the new residence, as well as the generally difficult political and economic situation for the house during the Napoleonic era, led to subsequent losses in book collections, disorder in the classification system, and restrictions on opening hours. In addition, the ongoing expenses for book acquisitions were reduced.
1.10 For the princely government established in Buchau in 1787 as a middle authority for the administration of the Swabian possessions, a separate government library with 1420 titles was established in 1804, which mainly included cameralistic, legal, and economic works. With the exception of 70 selected works, the Ulm antiquarian Neubronner auctioned off this administrative library in December 1830 after the final dissolution of the government in 1808.
1.11 In addition to the Regensburg Main Library, since 1797 the private library of Princess Therese (1773-1839), Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, held a high status. In 1814, the princess acquired, among other things, the book collection of the Ducal-Braunschweig Legation Councillor Friedrich Heinrich Sticker along with the copper engravings and library cabinets. Catalogs by the librarian August Krämer († 1834) record the French, English, Italian, and Latin literature. Remaining stocks of this private library, which comprised 1840 titles in 1882, only reached the Regensburg Court Library in 1913 with significant losses.
1.12 According to Paragraph 13 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, the House of Thurn and Taxis received the former imperial monasteries of Marchtal, Neresheim, and the convent of Buchau, as well as the regional monasteries of Ennetach and Sießen, including their archives and libraries, as secularization assets. In 1817, 21 manuscripts, some incunabula, and a total of 169 folios were transferred from Neresheim to the court library. The Swabian libraries of the princely house, which were initially administratively separate from the Regensburg main library, only came under the management competence of the princely court library through the family contract of August 20, 1831, and thus became part of the princely house and ancestral estate.
1.13 In the year 1828, the sale of the former monastery library of the Premonstratensian Abbey of Obermarchtal was first considered, which, according to a directory made at that time, comprised 2316 items with almost 9000 volumes, mostly of theological content. This also affected the Neresheim monastery and princely lyceum library due to its poor condition. At the instigation of the librarian Dr. Adalbert Müller (1802-1879), who worked at the Regensburg Court Library, the Marchtal and Neresheim libraries were later reviewed by the Regensburg lyceum professor Reischel, and 14 boxes of books were set aside for Regensburg in May 1863.
1.14 Under the supervision of the Regensburg professor Joseph Schneider SJ, the Regensburg and Neresheim libraries were to be supplemented from the "duplicates and defects" of the Marchtal inventory catalog he presented in 1877 (5819 works). 46 books arrived in Regensburg in 1878, while about 290 numbers from the duplicates remaining in Marchtal were donated in 1892 to the Benedictine Abbey of Beuron and 35 works, including incunabula, were donated in 1895 to the library of St. Boniface in Munich (see there). The rest of the Marchtal library was roughly divided in 1923 according to the old subject groups. The historically-geographical library holdings, 2089 works as well as 81 incunabula (including early prints up to 1540) and rare prints were transferred to the Hofbibliothek in Regensburg in August 1924, and the theological-philosophical part was taken to Neresheim. There, in 1927, it was entrusted to the Benedictine monastery of Neresheim, which was re-established in 1921, along with the majority of the holdings of the old Neresheim chapter library as a loan from the founder, Prince Albert of Thurn and Taxis (1867-1952) (see entry there). From the old Neresheim chapter library, the Regensburg Hofbibliothek received, in addition to the manuscripts and incunabula, several other historical works during the course of the 19th century to supplement its own holdings.
1.15 The purchase of the lordship of Chraustowitz in Bohemia from Count Philipp Kinsky in 1823 also included the castle of the same name with the castle or family library located there, which in 1840 had about 800 entries with 1760 volumes and was transferred to Regensburg in connection with the loss of the Bohemian possessions for the House of Thurn and Taxis at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1859, Prince Maximilian Karl (1802-1871) accepted the purchase of the 4178 volumes of library holdings from the princely councilor and archivist Gottfried Emanuel Hänsel for 5000 guilders for the court library.
1.16 In 1948, Prince Albert of Thurn and Taxis donated a comprehensive special library with hippological literature (over 400 titles) for safekeeping in the Princely Court Library to Rittmeister Küspert. Under Prince Franz Joseph (1893-1971), in 1967, the library, which comprised nearly 500 titles predominantly of hippological literature from the Bavarian Chief Stallmaster Carl Freiherr von Kesling (1763-1848), was purchased for the Princely Court Library at Schloss Wildenberg (District of Kelheim, Lower Bavaria).
1.17 As a valuable private library with works mainly from the 18th and early 19th centuries, in 1969 the private library of the former castle owner and Thurn and Taxis General Post Director Baron Alexander von Vrints-Berberich (1764-1843) and his wife Henriette, which came into the possession of the princely house with the purchase of the castle Prüfening near Regensburg in 1898, was integrated into the Princely Court Library with about 6000 volumes.
1.18 As the last closed library collection, the court library received in 1973 the private library of over 10,000 volumes of Prince Franz Joseph, who passed away in 1971, and his wife Princess Elisabeth († 1970), bequeathed by will. The book collection, primarily consisting of historical, hunting and forestry, as well as medical content, also includes older holdings from the library of Princess Margarete of Thurn and Taxis († 1955).
2. INVENTORY DESCRIPTION
Chronological overview and overview by languages
2.1 The library currently comprises a collection of about 200,000 bibliographic units. In addition, there are the 2900 music manuscripts of the princely court music from the 18th and early 19th centuries, other music manuscripts from the 15th to 18th centuries, over 400 music prints (16th to early 19th centuries), and nearly 200 librettos from the 18th century.
2.2 The number of the total stock was calculated by updating, its distribution across individual centuries was determined by sampling and partial counting of the current old and new author or title catalogs and the special catalogs. According to this, the historical stock comprises about 104,800 volumes; there are 1,300 incunabula available (0.9 percent); about 4,200 volumes (2.6 percent) belong to the 16th century, about 17,300 (10.8 percent) to the 17th century, about 36,000 (22.5 percent) to the 18th century, and about 46,000 volumes (28.7 percent) to the 19th century.
2.3 The literature of the 15th century is almost exclusively written in Latin; the German-language share of the incunabula is below 4 percent. In the 16th century, the proportion of German-language writings increases significantly. In the 17th century, especially the collection by Häberlin with its printed works on the Thirty Years' War ( see below 2.27) contains a high proportion of German-language literature. Besides the French and partially English novel and memoir literature, the German language predominates in the 18th century. Excluded from this is the exclusively Latin-language dissertation collection before 1800. The numerous Gothic bindings of the incunabula and early prints are listed by E. Kyriss ( see below 5).
Systematic Overview
2.4 With few exceptions (Collection Häberlin, dissertations), all old holdings acquired or received by the court library up to the middle of the 19th century were divided into the following subject groups by the librarian Adalbert Müller from 1861 to 1864, instead of the previous classification system of the librarians Westerholt and Kayser (see above 1.7): General Science (AW), Fiction (Bl), Classics (Cl), Public Administration Sciences (CW), Fine Arts (FK), History (G), Auxiliary Sciences of History (HG), Geography and Ethnology (LK), Medicine (MD), Mathematical Sciences, Military Sciences (MW), Natural Sciences (NW), Postal Services (P), Philosophy (Ph.), Politics (Pol.), Journalism (Publ.), Legal Sciences (RW), Linguistics and Literature (Spl.), Theology (Th.).
2.5 A considerable part of this historical collection with about 12,000 volumes from the 17th to early 19th century was displayed after the uncovering of the ceiling fresco by the painter Cosmas Damian Asam in 1969 in the baroque former St. Emmeram library hall, assigned new Asam hall signatures according to optical-aesthetic criteria.
2.6 The classification of Müllers was maintained as a cataloging system by updating the existing volume and card catalog until 1958, incorporating ongoing new acquisitions. After the closure of these subject groups, a numerus currens arrangement of monographs and journals for new acquisitions has since been organized solely by formats. The specialized libraries or parts of libraries acquired by purchase or donation before or after 1864 have been separately arranged: Bohemia, Castle Library Chraustowitz (Bö.), Dissertations, old dissertation collection (Diss.), Domain Chamber, administrative documents (DK), law and regulation sheets, 18th century to 1945/52 (GV), Häberlin Collection, Thirty Years' War (Häb.), Incunabula and early prints (Inc.), Kessling, hippological literature (Ke.), Küspert, hippological literature (Kü.), Margarete Franz Joseph, private library (MFJ), Upper Palatinate (O), Principalia Domini, household and family matters (PrD), Vrints-Berberich, Prüfening Castle Library (Prü.), Ratisbonensia, Regensburg literature (R or G.Rat.), Castle Taxis, private library Princess Therese (Tax.).
2.7 The signatures of the classification system from 1861 reflect subject groups with old stocks. The described subject groups generally include a general book collection that has grown since the 18th century without any particular temporal or regional focus.
2.8 The group Academic writings, bibliography, encyclopedia (AW) includes a total of 547 titles. Of these, 2 titles are from the 16th century, 8 from the 17th century, 167 from the 18th century, 218 from the 19th century, and 152 from the 20th century; the volume numbers are significantly higher due to the series share. Among the academies, those represented include mainly Amsterdam (Bibliotheque raisonnée des ouvrages des Savans de l'Europe, 1728-1753; Journal de Sçavans, 1743 ff.), Berlin, Gothenburg, Halle, Leipzig, Leuven, Mainz, and Paris (from 1692 with gaps). In the group bibliographies, there are numerous library catalogs, book and manuscript directories of the 18th century (St. Emmeram, Kurpfalz, private book collections such as the Palm Library) as well as bibliographic reference works (e.g., Hain, Meusel, and others).
2.9 The group Fiction (Bl) is divided into German Fiction, English Fiction, Slavic Fiction, and Romance Fiction, i.e. French including Italian and Spanish. These groups mainly contain novel literature from the 18th and 19th centuries, including trivial literature and early women's literature (e.g. A. Fischer). The group Classics of Antiquity (Cl) contains 59 titles from the 16th century, 66 from the 17th century, 124 from the 18th century, and 179 from the 19th century. The group Neo-Latin includes 18 titles from the 16th century, 12 from the 17th century, 15 from the 18th century, and 5 from the 19th century, the group German Classics 2 titles from the 16th century, 3 from the 17th century, 105 from the 18th century, and 392 from the 19th century.
2.10 In the group General Cameralistics (CW) one finds Johann Jakob Moser's Collected Library of Economic, Cameral, Police Laws ... (1758), various encyclopedias such as the Encyclopédie oeconomique (1770-1771) or Great and Complete Economic and Physical Lexicon (1750). The collection is divided into the special subgroups of Financial and Trade Science with works by the economist Paul Jacob Marperger as well as tax regulations; Police and State Administration; Education (with school regulations); Technology (with Dingler's Polytechnical Journal, 1820 ff., and Prechtl's Technical Encyclopedia, 1830-1869); Agriculture and Household Economy (including the Central Journal of the Agricultural Association and Household Literature, e.g. Franz Philipp Florinus' Oeconomus prudens, Nuremberg 1705); Forestry; Mining and Miscellaneous.
2.11 The group Free Arts (FK) includes General Art History, Rhetoric and Poetics; Dramaturgy (e.g. theater decorations and theater historical works such as the Histoire universelle des théatres de toutes les nations depuis Thespis jusqu'à nos jours. By a society of men of letters, Paris 1779-1781). In addition, there are works on sculpture and painting, e.g. gallery publications, annual portfolios and annual gifts of art associations in the 19th century, general artist encyclopedias such as Bartsch, Füsslin, Nagler, Thieme-Becker as well as auction catalogs of galleries and museum catalogs since the 18th century. Another subgroup is architecture. It contains various series with writings on the art monuments in Germany, architecture books of the 17th and 18th centuries such as Bélidor's Architectura Hydraulica (1743), Furttenbach's Mannhaffter Kunstspiegel (1663), Henrik Hondius' L'architecture contenant la Tuscane, Dorique, Ionique, Corinthiaque et Composée (1628), Piranesi's Monumenti degli Scipioni (1785), Serlio's Von der Architektur (1609), Domenico Quaglio's collection of remarkable buildings of the Middle Ages in Germany (n.d.) and Viollet-le-Duc's Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XI au XVIe siècle (1858-1868). A collection on music follows.
2.12 The Department of History (G) is the most comprehensive collection of old stocks. Under the heading General History, one can find mainly world histories (Annegarn, Becker, Bredow, Diepold, Galleti, Le Clerk, Martens, Ranke, Schlözer), historical lexicons (Buddeus, Barval, Ladvocat-Didot, Bassin de Prefort) and historical yearbooks (Posselt). Cultural history mainly includes works from the 18th and 19th centuries, such as Pierre Duflos' Recueil d'estampes, représentant les grades, les rangs et les dignités, suivant le costume de toutes les nations existantes ... (1779) and Deuxieme Recueil des portraits des hommes et des femmes illustres, de toutes les nations connues, presentés sous le costume de leurs dignités ... (1787). Antiquity contains literature on Greek history (Breton), Roman history (Crevier, Coeffeteau, Echard, Gibbon, Lazius, Rollin) and Hebrew history (Prideaux). In addition, there are early editions of the works of Flavius Josephus and a biography of Caesar (1558). The section on the Middle Ages also includes literature on Byzantium and the Crusades, including an early print of Agathias' De bello Gothorum (Augsburg 1519) and an edition of the works of Procopius (1623). The subsection "General European States" contains representations of universal history by Achenwall, Adelung, Gentz, Martens, Posselt, Pufendorf, Scuß and Segur, as well as the series works Die Europäische Fama (1702-1735), Europäischer Herold (edited by Friedrich Leutholf von Franckenberg 1688), Monatlicher Staatsspiegel (1698 ff.) and Neue Genealogische Historische Nachrichten (1750 ff.).
2.13 In the history of the German Empire, the German Imperial Chancellery (1659-1714), the election and coronation diaries since Emperor Matthias I (1612), the chronicles of Sebastian Brant (1538) and Hubertus Goltzius (1588), the imperial history by Dominikus Häberlin (1774-1779), J. Ch. Lünig's Codex Germaniae (1732-1733) and Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum (1707) are noteworthy. The section on Austria also includes literature on the crown lands of Bohemia and Hungary, some Czech-language works, the Bohemian chronicles of Wenceslaus Hagecius (1596), Cosmas Pragensis (1607) and Johann Dubravius, Bishop of Olmütz (1575). The collection on Prussia mainly contains editions and secondary literature on King Frederick the Great. In the "German Middle States," chronicles from the 16th and 17th centuries stand out, e.g. for Württemberg Gryphius (1609) and Oettinger (1610) or the Meißner Land and Mountain Chronicle (1590). In the groups Bavaria and Ratisbonensia, the relevant literature on the history of Bavaria (including the Palatinate) and the city of Regensburg is recorded.
2.14 Under the heading Netherlands (Holland, Belgium), the early works of Eremundus Ernestus (Origo et historia Belgicorum, 1641), Hugo Grotius (1630), Franciscus Haraeus (1623), and François Le Petit (1601) stand out alongside a number of writings on the history of Orange-Nassau. Following the group Switzerland with works by J. C. Fuessli (Staats- und Erdbeschreibung der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft, 1770-1772) and Ä. Tschudi (Chronicon Helveticum, 1734-1736) comes England, including Scotland and Ireland, with literature mainly from the 18th and 19th centuries. The literature on the history of France is characterized by ruler history, chronicles, and general works with an above-average French-speaking share. Among the 270 titles on the French Revolution, there are about 200 contemporary printed works (from 1780), and about 90 titles on Napoleon I and his era. While the group Spain and Portugal has only a small collection, the group Italy features works by J. Ripamonti (1641), B. Corio (Historia di Milano, 1503), and J. Ch. Lünig (Codex Italiae diplomaticus, 1725-1735) worth mentioning. For Scandinavia, the works of Pufendorf can be found, while for Russia, there is a disproportionately high amount of Polish-language literature due to the Duchy of Krotoschin, and under "Balkan states and Orient," literature on the Ottoman Empire.
2.15 In the group Asia, there are older works on Palestine (such as Ch. Besold's Kings of Jerusalem, 1636), as well as literature on China (Gobien, 1698; M. Martini, 1692). Dufrène de Francheville's History of the East India Company (1738) deserves mention. The subject groups Africa, America (including American colonies), and Australia (including Oceania) mainly contain literature from the 19th century.
2.16 In the group of religious history, works by Baronius, Melanchthon, Döllinger, Abbé Fleury, and Görres are represented, along with 3 Luther prints and G. Nigrinus' Papist Inquisition (1582). In the group of order and mission history, Jesuitica (J. Ch. Adelung, J. J. Moser) stand out. The history of dioceses and monasteries mainly records literature since the 18th century, including works on pilgrimage sites, while mythology encompasses about 50 titles from the 18th and 19th centuries. In the subject group of war and peace history, the Thirty Years' War with 20 titles and the Seven Years' War with 20 individual titles and 6 fascicles of pamphlets stand out. The group of French Revolutionary Wars and Wars of Liberation overlaps with writings on Napoleon I or the French Revolution. The conclusion of war history consists of 11 anthologies of contemporary printed works and 17 plates with caricatures related to the wars of 1866 and 1870/71. The extensive collection of memoirs and biographies mainly contains European memoir literature from the 18th and 19th centuries, including some on the Kaspar Hauser question. In the 'Miscellanea', approximately 100 titles of small writings from the 16th to 18th centuries stand out.
2.17 The group of auxiliary sciences of history (HG) includes a total of 2242 mostly German-language titles, of which 12 are from the 16th century, 73 from the 17th century, 563 from the 18th century, 1211 from the 19th century, and 383 from the 20th century. For source studies, there are 2 titles from the 17th century, 18 from the 18th century, 97 from the 19th century, and 29 from the 20th century; for archaeology, there are 4 titles from the 16th century, 12 from the 17th century, 129 from the 18th century, 371 from the 19th century, and 36 from the 20th century. For genealogy, there are 3 titles from the 16th century, 22 from the 17th century, 122 from the 18th century, 246 from the 19th century, and 172 from the 20th century. Diplomatics and heraldry account for one title from the 16th century, 6 from the 17th century, 50 from the 18th century, 183 from the 19th century, and 53 from the 20th century. The orders account for one title from the 16th century, 8 from the 17th century, 35 from the 18th century, 45 from the 19th century, and 14 from the 20th century; for numismatics, there are 3 titles from the 16th century, 20 from the 17th century, 99 from the 18th century, 61 from the 19th century, and 28 from the 20th century, while the subgroup Miscellanea includes works on chronology as well as calendars (3 titles from the 17th century, 50 from the 18th century, 208 from the 19th century, and 51 from the 20th century).
2.18 The group of countries and peoples (LK) is divided into General Geography and Special Geography. The latter is divided by countries and regions. The collection includes itineraries, travel guides, Baedeker editions, and travel descriptions from the late 18th and 19th centuries. Notable mentions include F. Nicolai, J. Pezzl, M. Zeiller (Teutsches Reyßbuch, 1632-1640), regarding France Mylius, regarding Spain Zeiller (1656), and regarding Italy Furttenbach (Itinerarium Italiae, 1691). Further subgroups consist of itineraries, travel descriptions, and cartography.
2.19 The Department of Medicine (MD) is divided into Physiology and Anatomy, Pathology, Folk Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacopoeia, Balneology, Veterinary Medicine, and Hygiene. In all groups, the proportion of Latin works is naturally very high; temporally, the focus is on the (later) 17th and 18th centuries. Literature from the mid-19th century is as rare as that of the 16th century. In the significant group of Anatomy, early works worth mentioning include Andreas Laurentius, Opera Anatomica (1593), Levinus Lemnius, De miraculis occultis naturae libri IIII (1581), and Archangelus Piccolomini, Anatomicae praelectiones (1586). In the largest group, Pathology, works from the 16th century include, among others, those by Afer Constantinus, Opera omnia medica (1536-1539), a total of 9 titles by the ancient physician Galen, the Garden of Health (1556) by Johann von Cuba, 4 works each by Hieronymus Mercurialis (16th and 17th centuries) and Johann Mesua. Strongly represented for the 18th century are the local Regensburg naturalists Jacob Christian Gottlieb and Johann Ulrich Gottlieb Schäffer. From Theophrastus Paracelsus, there are books on wounds and injuries (1563), True Description of the Wound Art (1586), and the Bath Booklet (1562). Furthermore, this group includes numerous titles on the plague, cholera, and midwifery. Among the professional journals, the Medizinisch-chirurgische Zeitung (1790-1799) published by J. J. Hartenkeil should be mentioned. The literature on Folk Medicine, which is more attributable to the 19th century, deals with natural healing and thermal cure; however, it also includes a "bloodletting book" from 1559. In the Surgery section, the focus of the almost exclusively Latin titles is in the 18th century, with the 16th century being only sparsely represented. In Pharmacopoeia, literature on pharmacy can be found, such as the Kreuterbuch (1550) by Eucharius Rößlin and works from the 17th century by Georg Wolfgang Wedel on pathology and pharmacology, including Pathologia medica dogmatica (Jena 1692). In Balneology, literature on the southern German and Bohemian spa towns predominates from the 18th and early 19th centuries. Within the group of Veterinary Medicine, which comprises only 12 numbers, the work of Sextus Placitus, De medicina animalium, bestiarum, pecorum et avium (1539) can be found.
2.20 The focus of the literature on Mathematical Sciences (MW) is temporally in the 17th and 18th centuries, with Astronomy in the 19th century. The subject group Military Science includes works on engineering and military art, regulations for various army units, as well as writings on fortification techniques (e.g. Vauban). War diaries and war memories (e.g. Bismarck) are also represented in the collection, as are illustrated works on military uniforms. In the subject group Physics and Chemistry (NW), the literature from the 17th to 19th centuries predominates; the 16th century is also represented sporadically. Under General Natural Science, the academy treatises from Paris (1749 ff.) and Stockholm (1749 ff.) are present, as well as Buffon's Histoire naturelle générale (1785-1791 and 1749-1804), M. C. Hanow's Naturphilosophie (1762-1768), the works of A. von Humboldt, or early scientific magazines, e.g. the Hamburgische (1748 ff.) or Stralsundische (1767). The group Paleontology comprises 22 works, Anthropology 33, including Lavater's Physiognomische Fragmente (1783-1803). In Zoology, the Ornithological publications of U. Aldrovandi (1610-1613) and Buffon (1770-1786) are noteworthy, as well as the systematics of J. Ch. Fabricius and a number of works by the famous Regensburg physician and naturalist Jacob Christian Gottlieb Schäffer on the animal and plant world (especially fungi). Within Botany, there are herbals from the 16th century by L. Fuchs (1543), H. Bock (1580), and P. Matthiolus (1590), editions of the Hortus Eystettensis (1613), memorials of the early Regensburg Botanical Society (1790 ff.), the Florilegium by M. Merian (1641), and the Phytanthoza-Iconographica by Johann Wilhelm Weinmann (1737-1745). The group Mineralogy includes, among others, G. Agricola, De re metallica libri XI (1621).
2.21 Under the subject group Post (P), about 2500 titles on the history of the post since the 17th century, especially regarding the Thurn and Taxis postal institutions until 1867, are classified. Among them, alongside works on political science, are the standard works on the question of postal monopoly from the 17th and 18th centuries, such as Turrianus, Glorwürdiger Adler (1694), L. Hoernigk, De Regale Postarum Jure (1638), A. Ockel, Postregal (1685), J. Ch. Lünig, Reichsarchiv (1713) and Grundfeste Europäischer Potenzen Gerechtsame (1716), J. Beust, Postregal (1748) and J. J. Moser, Staatsrecht (1752). Also available are so-called travel guides from the early 17th century (Cottogno) to the 19th century (Raffelsberger), postal almanacs of the 19th century, the official gazette series of the German and Austrian postal administrations in the 19th century, the older specialized journals on postal history such as Archiv für Post und Telegraphie (1876 ff.), Union Postale Universelle (1876 ff.) or the Archiv der Postwissenschaft, edited by Herrfeldt (1829 ff.). A wide range is taken up by the dispute and pamphlets published before 1806, some of which were published anonymously, on legal, economic, and financial issues of the imperial postal system and the Thurn and Taxis feudal posts. The latter partly come from the collection of printed works of the princely General Post Directorate.
2.22 Within the group Philosophy (Ph), the focus of the literature on the history of philosophy in the 19th century lies, among others, with works by Hegel and Schelling. In the group "Pure and Applied Philosophy," alongside philosophers from the 17th to 19th centuries such as F. Ehrenberg, D. Erdmann, L. Feuerbach, Fichte, Ch. Garve, Hegel, Kant, Leibniz, M. Mendelssohn, K. Rosenkranz, Schelling, Spinoza, Ch. Thomas, and Ch. Wolf, the 16th century is represented by Johann Eck (1516), Erasmus, Paracelsus (1520), and Melanchthon (Ethicae doctrinae elementa, 1566). There are also a number of "philosophical dictionaries" from the 18th century. The subject group Education also includes the subcategory Secret Sciences with literature mainly on Freemasonry and the Illuminati (Adam Weishaupt), but also on magic and witchcraft as well as prophecies, including J. Reuchlin, De arte cabalistica (1517). In the Educational writings, French educational literature of the Enlightenment is dominant, e.g., with Abbé Bellegarde or the Dictionnaire historique d'éducation (1771).
2.23 In the group Politics (Pol.), the focus is on German-language literature of the 19th century. The 18th century is only sparsely represented, including 5 titles by Friedrich Gentz. The group Journalism (Publ.) mainly includes newspapers and magazines since around 1800, including such diverse publication series as the Allgemeine Zeitung (1798 ff.), Historisch-Politische Blätter (1838), Regensburger Konversationsblatt (1845 ff.), Deutsche Zeitung für die Jugend und ihre Freunde (1784-1795), Eos (1818), Flora (1821-1829), Frankfurter Oberpostamtszeitung (1720-1866, with gaps), Gallery of Fashion (1795), Gartenlaube (1858-1902, with gaps), Deutscher Hausschatz (1873-1903), Gazette Nationale (1793-1801), Journal des Luxus und der Moden (1786-1808), Journal des Dames et des Modes (1819-1835), Straßburgisches Politisches Journal (1792), Journal für Fabrik, Manufaktur, Handlung und Mode (1792-1805), Journal des Travaux (1833-1845), Morgenblatt für gebildete Stände (1803-1865), Nationalzeitung der Deutschen (1796 ff.) and Theatrum Europaeum (1635-1738).
2.24 The Department of Law (RW) is divided into constitutional and international law, civil law, criminal law, criminal procedure, Roman and other foreign law, legal history, miscellanea, and canon law. The collection comprises 2466 titles, of which 93 are from the 16th century, 353 from the 17th century, 1205 from the 18th century, 705 from the 19th century, and 110 from the 20th century. Within constitutional and international law, the constitutional lawyers of the 17th and 18th centuries are strongly represented, e.g. Christoph Besold (17th century), Heinrich Coccejus (17th century), Anton Faber with the European State Chancellery (1697-1760), the Ingolstadt law professor Johann Anton Ickstatt (18th century), as well as the constitutional lawyer of the Rhine Confederation period and the German Confederation Johann Ludwig Klüber. Among the significant constitutional lawyers of the 18th century, Johann Christian Lünig, Johann Jakob Moser with over 90, partly multi-volume titles, Johann Stephan Pütter (11 titles), Samuel von Pufendorf (8), Johann Jakob Scuß, Heinrich Christian von Senckenberg, David Georg Struben, and Burkhard Gotthilf Struve are particularly noteworthy. Also deserving mention are the source editions by Georg Friedrich Martens and Johann Gottfried von Meiern, the works of the Prussian constitutional lawyer Christian Otto Mylius, as well as the Fürstenstaat (1678, 1737) and the Christenstaat (1693) by Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff.
2.25 The Department of Linguistics and Literature (Spl.) is divided into Literary History, General Philology, Grammar, and Lexicons. The latter includes Zedler's Universal Lexicon (1732-1754), the Encyclopédie méthodique (Paris 1787-1816), the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1815), and the Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften (Leipzig 1819-1850). Literary journals take up a large space, e.g. Wieland's Neuer Merkur (1790 ff.), Göttinger Anzeiger (1784 ff.), Gothaische Gelehrtenzeitung (1787 ff.), Neue Nürnbergische gelehrte Zeitung (1787-1793), Jenaer Literatur-Zeitung (1785 ff.), Oberdeutsche Allgemeine Literaturzeitung (1789 ff.), Revue critique des livres nouveaux (1837 ff.), L'esprit des journaux françois et étrangers (1782 ff.), Revue des deux mondes (1841 ff.), and Revue de Paris (1831 ff.).
2.26 The subject group Theology (Th) includes a total of 153 titles from the 16th century, 289 from the 17th century, 741 from the 18th century, 1007 from the 19th century, and 155 titles from the early 20th century, which are distributed among the following subgroups: Patristics (mainly early editions of the Church Fathers; 16th century 11 titles, 17th century 75, 18th century 65, 19th century 18 and 20th century 3); Hagiography (16th century 13 titles, 17th century 31, 18th century 39, 19th century 78 and 20th century 23); Scholasticism (16th century 10 titles, 17th century one); "Modern Theology" (16th century 6 titles, 17th century 12, 18th century 116, 19th century 291 and 20th century 102); Biblical Studies (mainly German and Latin Bible editions; 16th century 32 titles, 17th century 45, 18th century 185, 19th century 171 and 20th century 5); Homiletics (16th century 14 titles, 17th century 17, 18th century 75, 19th century 130 and 20th century 7); Theology of the Reformation (including Luther, Calvin, and Osiander prints; 16th century 34 titles, 17th century 19, 18th century 5, 19th century 74 and 20th century 3); Pastoral (16th century 5 titles, 17th century 8, 18th century 36, 19th century 40 and 20th century 3); Asceticism (16th century 7 titles, 17th century 48, 18th century 109, 19th century 70 and 20th century one); Polemics and Symbolics (16th century 12 titles, 17th century 27, 18th century 72, 19th century 105 and 20th century 5); Liturgy (16th century 9 titles, 17th century 6, 18th century 33, 19th century 27 and 20th century 3). In addition, there is a small collection of Jewish theology with 8 titles from the 18th and 19th centuries.
Special Collections
2.27 Exceptions to the old systematics are the book stocks of the Häberlin collection, the incunabula, the dissertation collection, as well as the later integrated special libraries or parts of libraries.
Collection Häberlin (Signature Haeb.), Literature on the History of the Thirty Years' War: This collection of pamphlets contains, stored in 85 " cartons", including multiple copies and reprints, about 1900 bibliographic units between 1552 and 1661. Of these, 2 titles were published in the 16th century, 78 before the start of the war (1618), and 90 after the peace treaty (1648). The focus of the collection is the year 1631 with 226 titles. Many works contain different ownership stamps or ex libris from Franz Dominikus Häberlin.
2.28 The collection of incunabula (signature Inc.) comprises about 700 dated and 200 undated individual prints from before 1501. Latin is the predominant language (almost 97 percent), with the remaining share consisting of German-language prints. Since the incunabula are almost exclusively secularization library holdings from the monasteries of Neresheim and Marchtal (see below 2.29), the share of theological works among the dated prints is just over half (343 Latin and 20 German prints). The remaining incunabula are assigned to the subject groups of philosophy (34 Latin, one German), history (44 and 5), law (83 and one), classical authors (140 Latin), and natural sciences (16 and 2). This special library collection also includes about 470 dated early prints from the period of 1501 to 1530, with some extending to around 1550. Among these almost exclusively Latin early prints (some German and Greek), about 210 titles belong to theology, 40 titles each to philosophy and law, 20 to history, 135 to classical philology and linguistics, 15 to natural sciences, and 5 to the group "Miscellanea."
2.29 The Marchtal Monastery Library (Signature Ma.), which today is the integrated part of the former Marchtal Abbey Library, contains 1760 titles in 2556 volumes, primarily from the subject areas of theology (devotional literature, sermons), history (military, church, order history), travel descriptions, ancient authors, linguistics, polemics, as well as Latin and German, partly handwritten Jesuit and school theater texts from the 17th and 18th centuries. The latter originate from Marchtal as well as the neighboring Swabian monasteries (including Ottobeuren, Salem, Weingarten, Zwiefalten) and cities (including Augsburg, Biberach, Dillingen, Ehingen, Kempten, Memmingen, Ulm). The collection is distributed across 52 incunabula, 619 titles from the 16th century, 935 from the 17th century, and 950 from the 18th century. The ratio of Latin to German works is about 72 to 28 percent. Other foreign language literature (French, Italian, Spanish) is rare (under 20 titles).
2.30 In the castle library Chraustowitz (Signature Bö.: Bohemia) there are a total of about 790 titles in 1760 volumes, predominantly Latin (320 titles) and French (360) legal, ecclesiastical, and general historical literature from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The collection is divided into 30 titles from the 16th century, 310 from the 17th century, 450 from the 18th century, and 20 from the 19th century. In addition, there are 105 German, 10 Italian, and 2 Slavic titles.
2.31 The library of the domain chamber (signature DK) contains administrative and legal literature from the princely courts, the central and local administrations, as well as from the rent and forestry offices, which came into the collection as a result of the dissolution of the Buchau government library after 1808. There are a total of just over 2500 titles, of which just under 50 percent are from the 19th century; the rest comes from the 20th century. The necessary standard works and journal series for jurisprudence and administration can be found, covering the decisions of the supreme courts, legal texts in various editions, literature on gardening, forestry, and agriculture, literature on land redemption and peasant liberation, as well as on princely construction administration.
2.32 The Castle Library Castle Taxis (Signature Tax.) contains the current remaining stock of the private library of Princess Therese with additions (possibly also from Neresheim) and comprises about 225 titles in 745 volumes from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The proportion of French-language works is about 50 percent, that of English and Italian at 18 percent, and that of German-language works at just over 30 percent. Available are editions of Shakespeare, Goethe, Dante, Rousseau, and Voltaire, as well as literature on history, fashion, and periodicals and newspapers, e.g., the National Newspaper (1830 ff.).
2.33 The dissertation collection (signature Diss.) has an almost exclusively Latin collection and dates from the 17th and 18th centuries. There are general dissertations (190), historical (231), legal (3240), medical (1601) dissertations, and academic treatises from various universities, predominantly from the central and southern German regions. In addition, there are 157 volumes containing exclusively legal dissertations from the 17th and 18th centuries (approximately 8000 titles), cataloged through a two-volume contemporary alphabetical author index. The volumes bear the ex-libris of the Regensburg councilor Georg Matthias à Selpert.
2.34 In the private library of Prince Franz Joseph and his mother, Princess Margarete (Signature MFJ), only a few of the over 10,000 volumes date from before 1900. On the one hand, these are isolated bibliophile acquisitions, and on the other hand, medical literature, fashion journal series, and women's magazines from the possession of Princess Margarete (1870-1955).
2.35 The Prüfeninger Castle Library (Signature Prü.), the former private library of Baron Alexander von Vrints-Berberich and his wife Henriette, which counts about 6000 volumes, consists almost exclusively of works from the period between 1750 and 1843. 11 titles originate from the 17th century. The ratio of literature from the 18th century to that of the 19th century is about 1 to 3 (527 titles from the 18th century, 1590 from the 19th century). Of the 527 titles from the 18th century, 335 are in French, 104 in German, 48 in Latin, 33 in English, and 7 in Italian; of the 1590 from the 19th century, 1244 are in French, 314 in German, 23 in English, 6 in Latin, and 3 in Italian. In addition to travelogues, memoirs, and constitutional literature, Latin and German classics (with first editions), especially French novel literature, are represented above average. Many works are available in early paperback editions. This special collection has not yet been cataloged by authors or titles.
2.36 The Küspert Library (Signature Kü.) contains hippological literature including Marstall literature, literature on horse medicine, equestrian art, and equestrian sports. It consists of 476 titles, of which 6 are from the 16th century, 14 from the 17th century, 40 from the 18th century, 309 from the 19th century, and 107 from the 20th century. In addition to German-language works, illustrated Italian and French works are particularly represented. The original library was supplemented after 1975 by individual hippological works and magazines (e.g. St. Georg) from the
2.37 The library of the Bavarian Chief Stable Master Kesling (Signature Ke.) consists of about 400 volumes, which, with few exceptions (4 volumes from the 16th century, 11 volumes from the 17th century), are distributed across the 18th century with 108 volumes and the 19th century with 276 volumes. This hippological special library, focusing on equine medicine, equestrian sports, and horse breeding, mainly includes illustrated German-language works (361 volumes). In the foreign language literature, French dominates with 31 titles. The collection has not yet been cataloged.
2.38 The music collection of the Prince Thurn and Taxis Court Library comprises about 500 prints and 2900 manuscripts in three groups. The older music manuscripts and prints from the 15th to 17th centuries mainly come from the secularized monasteries of Marchtal and Neresheim, including 54 choral manuscripts as well as Adam-Berg prints (Munich 1570-1589) with works by Orlando di Lasso and prints or manuscripts by other composers. A second, smaller collection of prints and music manuscripts was acquired for the princely court music during the Frankfurt period (before 1748); these are mainly Dutch prints (Brussels, Amsterdam) by the Antwerp composer Henri Jacques de Croes (1705-1786), who was the court conductor in Frankfurt from 1730 to 1748. The third and largest part of the collection (prints and manuscripts) belongs to the acquisition and repertoire for the princely court music in Regensburg (1748-1806) and the guard music at Schloss Taxis (1820-1828). This includes symphonies by 169 composers, concertos for wind and string instruments, chamber music, church music, operas, singspiele, and ballet music as well as secular vocal music, table music, and so-called harmony music. The number of older prints by various European composers across all three groups totals 409 titles from the 16th century to the early 19th century.